International Journal of Wireless And Multimedia Communications
International Journal of Wireless And Multimedia Communications is an international peer-reviewed open-access journal dedicated to interchange for the results of high-quality research in all aspect of Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Information Technology, Wireless And Multimedia Communications . The journal publishes state-of-art papers in fundamental theory, experiments, and simulation, as well as applications, with a systematic proposed method, sufficient review on previous works, expanded discussion, and concise conclusion. As our commitment to the advancement of science and technology, the JOWIM follows the open access policy that allows the published articles freely available online without any subscription. Submitted papers must be written in English for initial review stage by editors and further review process by minimum two international reviewers. Before submission, You have to make sure that your paper is prepared using the JOWIM's paper Template, has been carefully proofread, polished and conformed to the author guidelines. Online Submissions Authors have already a JOWIM's username and password, then LOGIN. Do you need a username and password? GO TO REGISTRATION page. Registration and login are required to submit items online and to check the status of current submissions.
Optimizing Telkomsel’s 4G LTE Network Performance in Serpong District South Tangerang
Serpong District, South Tangerang City, is a densely populated urban area that requires reliable, high-performance 4G LTE network services. However, field measurements indicate that several areas still experience poor signal quality (bad spots), which affect user experience and network reliability. This study aims to analyze and optimize Telkomsel’s 4G LTE network using the Automatic Cell Planning (ACP) method. The optimization is conducted using drive test measurements with G-NetTrack Pro to identify bad spots, followed by network simulation using Atoll based on existing site data. Optimization is performed through antenna parameter adjustment, namely tilt and azimuth, and evaluated using a before-and-after comparison. Network performance is assessed using Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), including Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Download Throughput, and Shannon-based Cell Capacity. The results show improvements in RSRP, SINR, and cell capacity after optimization, while throughput remains stable and meets KPI requirements. This study contributes an integrated LTE optimization approach based on ACP that combines antenna parameter optimization and multi-KPI evaluation, including cell capacity using the Shannon model, in dense urban environments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Windy Meisari, Siska Aulia, Dikky Chandra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design and Implementation of a Detection System for pH Levels, Moisture Content, and Sweetness in Honey
This research aims to design and build a honey detection device. The device is designed to detect three important parameters in honey such as pH, water content, and color. A pH sensor is used to measure the acidity level of honey, which is an important indicator in determining the freshness and quality of honey. A Soil Moisture sensor is adapted to measure the water content in honey, as the appropriate moisture level significantly affects the stability and quality of honey. Meanwhile, an LDR sensor is used to detect the color of honey, which often serves as a visual indicator of the quality and type of honey. Data collected from these three sensors is processed by an ESP32 and displayed in Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) with easily understandable format, enabling users to assess honey quality quickly and accurately. Test results show that this device can provide consistent and reliable data, making it a potential solution for honey quality evaluation in the field. This research also utilizes push buttons for displaying data and resetting or reconfiguring the system. Based on the testing conducted, Uray Honey has the highest water content (11.90%) and the lowest acidity level (4.67). Real Honey with water content (8.19%) and pH (3.43), and TJ Honey with water content (8.68%) and pH (3.41) have similar profiles in terms of water content and pH; however, Real Honey is darker in color (11.05) compared to Uray Honey (9.97). Super Honey has consistent color and water content (8.11%) but has a lower color value (9.59) compared to other honeys and has a pH of (3.41).
Copyright (c) 2026 M Suhairi, Suhaila Suhaila, Nurraudya Tuz Zahra, Hazimah Widyagustin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Non Linear Modeling of the Relationship Between Raw Water Turbidity, Accelerator Unit Turbidity, and Filtration Turbidity Using a Quadratic Interaction Model in a Water Treatment Plant
This study aims to analyze the non-linear relationship between raw water turbidity, turbidity after the accelerator unit, and turbidity after the filtration unit at the Gunung Pangilun Water Treatment Plant (WTP) in Padang City using the Quadratic Interaction Model (QIM) approach. Turbidity data were collected from 1–5 June 2025 at one-hour intervals, resulting in 50 data points for each sampling location. The data processing stages included missing value inspection, outlier detection using the Interquartile Range (IQR) method, data consistency checking, relationship visualization among variables, and QIM-based modeling using Python. The results show that the QIM was unable to adequately represent the relationships among the variables, as indicated by an R-squared value of 0.145 and an adjusted R-squared of 0.048. All model parameters exhibited p-values greater than 0.05, indicating no statistically significant influence on turbidity after filtration. Model evaluation yielded an RMSE of 0.496 NTU and a MAPE of 19.34%, suggesting a moderate level of prediction accuracy. Additionally, the analysis identified 14% outliers and 9 inconsistent data points for each sampling location.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nelvidawati, Firdaus, M Andre Kurnia Festa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
International Design and Development of a 1x4 Microstrip Monopole Antenna Array at 5 GHz U-NII-2A Bands (5150 - 5350 MHz) For Wireless Fidelity Devices
High-fidelity antennas are necessary due to the quick advancement of wireless communication technology, particularly for Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks. Low antenna gain and a short signal range are two issues that frequently arise in Wi-Fi networks and can degrade the quality of data transmission. Consequently, an antenna design that can increase the overall system fidelity is required, particularly in the 5 GHz frequency band that is frequently utilized by Wi-Fi modem devices. This final project involves designing and developing a 1x4 microstrip monopole antenna array for Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) devices that operate at the 5 GHz U-NII-1 and U-NII-2A bands (5150–5350 MHz). In order to facilitate Wi-Fi data transmission, this design aims to create an antenna with a higher gain, denser bandwidth, and appropriate radiation coverage. CST Studio Suite 2019 software was used to carry out the design on an FR4 substrate that was 1.6 mm thick and had a dielectric constant of 4.3. A Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) was then used to simulate, optimize, fabricate, and measure the design. With a simulated return loss of -51 dB, a VSWR of 1, and a bandwidth of 1 GHz with a bidirectional radiation pattern, the simulation and measurement results of the antenna demonstrate good performance. According to the measurement results, the bandwidth is 1.1 GHz, the VSWR is 1.2, and the return loss is -20 dB. The simulation and fabrication results demonstrate good suitability and conform to the requirements for creating Wi-Fi microstrip antennas.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sandya Firstha Nofianti, Yulindon, Sahid Ridho, Rezky Cahaya Nabila (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design and Development of FTTH Network Infrastructure Using GPON Technology in Sukoharjo Regency
Abstract— The increasing demand for high-speed, reliable internet access in the digital era has led to the decline of conventional copper-based networks and the rise of fiber-optic-based solutions. This study focuses on the design and development of a Fiber To The Home (FTTH) network using Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) technology in Banaran Subdistrict, Sukoharjo Regency, an area with growing economic activity, particularly in the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector. The implementation of GPON is seen as a critical infrastructure enhancement that supports regional development, education, and digital connectivity. The research methodology began with site surveys using Google Earth Pro and QGIS to collect spatial data such as household coordinates and pole locations. This data was then processed using Setics Sttar Planner version 2.3.12, enabling automatic calculation of optimal cable routes, equipment locations, and required component specifications. The resulting FTTH design covers four neighborhood units (RW 1, RW 2, RW 4, and RW 5), serving a total of 630 homepasses. Key components of the network include 1 Optical Line Terminal (OLT), 2 Fiber Distribution Terminals (FDTs), 46 Fiber Access Terminals (FATs), and 125 poles. The power link budget calculation, essential to determining signal feasibility, produced theoretical receive power values between -15.089 dBm and -14.144 dBm. Field implementation and post-deployment measurements were conducted in RW 1 and RW 2 to validate the theoretical model. Adjustments were made due to site constraints, including reductions in splitter and FAT counts, as well as cable length modifications. Measured receive power values ranged from -16.71 dBm to -16.22 dBm, which still fall within acceptable standards defined by PT. iForte Solusi Infotek (between -10 dBm and -21 dBm). The differences between calculated and actual measurements were attributed to splicing quality, variations in cable deployment, and environmental factors. Overall, the study successfully demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of deploying GPON-based FTTH infrastructure in semi-urban regions like Sukoharjo. The integration of digital tools for planning and field validation ensures optimal network performance, supporting the goal of bridging the digital divide and enhancing socio-economic development in the area.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Alfarezi, Popy Maria, Uzma Septima (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Signal Attenuation in the Indosat Fiber to the Home (FTTH) Network at Three Fat Points and the Role of Closures in Optimizing Optical Signals in Cluster RW07, Dusun I, Madegondo, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java
The implementation of Fiber to the Home (FTTH) networks is an effective solution for providing high-quality telecommunication services with stable data speeds. This study was conducted on the FTTH network in Cluster RW 07, Dusun 1, Madegondo, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java, to evaluate its feasibility based on PT. iForte's standards. These standards specify a receiving power range of -10 dBm to -21 dBm and a total attenuation range of 15 dB to 26 dB. The research process involved observation, optical power data collection, data processing, and analysis using the Power Link Budget parameter. The measurement results showed an improvement in network quality after optimization. The uplink and downlink attenuation at FAT 1, 6, and 11 experienced significant reductions, with the final attenuation values falling within the specified standard limits. For instance, at FAT 11, the downlink attenuation decreased by 1.10 dBm, representing one of the most significant improvements. These findings demonstrate that the FTTH network in the study area meets the feasibility criteria and delivers performance suitable for supporting user needs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Miftahul Rizka, Aprinal Adila, Popy Maria (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Comparative Analysis of Quality of Service (QOS) on 4G LTE and 5G Networks in Bekescsaba Hungary
This research discusses the comparison of Quality of Service (QoS) performance on 4G LTE and 5G networks in the Bekescsaba region, Hungary. The analysis was conducted based on five main QoS parameters, namely download speed, upload speed, jitter, packet loss, and latency, with the RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) measurement category. The results showed that 5G networks consistently outperformed 4G LTE in almost all categories. For example, in the Very Good category, 5G networks recorded download speeds of up to 196 Mbps, upload speeds of 91.5 Mbps, and latency of 25 ms, significantly better than 4G LTE. In the Good and Fair categories, the 5G network continued to show significant advantages in data speed and latency, although the jitter values were relatively comparable to 4G LTE. In addition, packet loss on both networks was recorded at 0%, indicating a high level of reliability. This study concludes that 5G networks provide a better experience in supporting modern connectivity needs than 4G LTE, even under less than optimal signal conditions. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for future telecommunications infrastructure development.
QoS, 4G LTE, 5G, RSRP, Download Speed, Upload Speed, Jitter, Packet Loss, Latency, Bekescsaba, Hungary
Copyright (c) 2025 Dery Adlil Karim, Sri Yusnita, S.T., M.T, Dikky Chandra, S.T., M.T (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Multi-band MIMO Antenna with Square-Ring Slots for 5G Services
Mobile communications technology is evolving rapidly with the introduction of 5G networks, which offer high speeds, low latency, and greater network capacity. To support these services, antennas that can operate optimally in a wide frequency range are required. The objective of this research is to design and analyze a multi-band square-ring slot MIMO antenna operating at frequencies of 2.6 GHz, 3.6 GHz, and 5.25 GHz. The antenna design is performed using CST Studio Suite 2019 software, and the simulation results are compared with the measurement results after fabrication. The antenna structure utilizes a microstrip design with an FR-4 substrate, optimizing parameters such as slot dimensions, feed line positioning, and element spacing to achieve the desired performance. The results show that the designed antenna has a return loss of < -10 dB, VSWR values in the acceptable range (1 ≤ VSWR ≤ 2), mutual coupling isolation below -20 dB, and ECC < 0.05, indicating good MIMO performance. In addition, the antenna exhibits an omnidirectional radiation pattern, a gain of more than 4 dBi with a maximum of 5.25 dBi at 2.6 GHz, and a wide bandwidth suitable for 5G applications. Although there are differences between simulated and measured results due to environmental factors and manufacturing tolerances, the antenna performance remains within acceptable limits. This research proves that the multi-band MIMO design with a square-ring slot can be an effective and practical solution to enhance 5G service quality, offering advantages for future wireless communication systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syaza Ibra Harlin, Firdaus Nursal, Amelia Yolanda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Antenna Multiple Input Multiple Output Four Port Using Methods Stub and Defected Ground Structure for Ultra wide-band Applications
Abstract— Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antennas using the Defected Ground Structure technique are able to produce wide bandwidth to meet Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) frequencies. UWB MIMO antennas have the advantages of reducing interference, improving isolation, and optimizing multipaths, thereby expanding coverage and improving signal quality. The challenge in designing MIMO-UWB antennas is to produce low mutual coupling with small antenna dimensions so that they can be used in portable devices. In this final project, the aim is to design a 4x4 UWB MIMO antenna using FR-4 substrate material with a dielectric constant (εr) of 4.3, a loss tangent of 0.035 and a material thickness of 1.6 mm. With dimensions of 45 x 45 x 1.6 ,mm-3. which has an Ultra-Wideband working frequency with a frequency range of 3.1 – 10.6 GHz. The results of the antenna simulation and measurement showed good performance with a simulated antenna operating frequency of 3.1–10.23 GHz, a minimum return loss of -49.85 dB, an isolation of ≤ -20 dB, and a maximum peak gain of 3.3 dBi at the frequency of 10.6 GHz with an omnidirectional radiation pattern. The measurement results show a working frequency of 3.2-10.64 GHz, a minimum return loss of -21.24 dB, and an Isolation of ≤ -20 dB. The designed four-port MIMO antenna parameters result in a simulated ECC and measurement < of 0.02 and a diversity gain of over 9.989, and a TARC of ≤ –10 dB. The measurement and simulation results show a good fit and are within the permissible limits, indicating good performance for UWB communication.
Copyright (c) 2025 Denisa Putri Maharani, Yustini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design and Implementation of a Shined Length Periodic Microstrip Antena for 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz Double Wi-Fi
This research aims to design and implement a twin slit rectangular microstrip antenna for 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz dual-band Wi-Fi using CST Studio Suite 2019 software and in antenna measurements using a Vector Network Analyzer. Some of the antenna parameters produced are return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, radiation pattern, and gain. This antenna has an antenna size of 45 x 53 mm. The antenna is designed based on the characteristics of several antenna parameters, namely having a return loss ≤-10 dB gain value ≥1 dB, and VSWR ≤2. The type of substrate used is FR-4 (lossy) with a dielectric constant specification of 4.3, a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms, and a thickness of 1.6 mm. The ground plane material used is copper with a thickness of 0.035 mm. The microstrip antenna parameter optimization results are in the form of a return loss of -13.64 dB with a frequency of 2.4 GHz and -30.40 dB with a frequency of 5.8 GHz, VSWR values of 4.38 with a frequency of 2.4 GHz and 5.45 with a frequency of 5.8 GHz and have unidirectional pola radiation. In comparison, the return loss value of the fabricated antenna is obtained at -4.52 dB at a frequency of 2.5 GHz and -6.32 dB at a frequency of 5.8 GHz. VSWR values of 4.38 at a frequency of 2.4 GHz and 5.45 at a frequency of 5.8 GHz.
Copyright (c) 2026 Putri Rahmadini, Aprinal Adila Asril, Ramiati, Ashilah Khairunnisa Putri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of The Implementation of Carrier Aggregation Combinations That Occupy Non-Continuing Frequency Bands on The Existing LTE Network
This study analyzes the effect of implementing Carrier Aggregation (CA) on non-adjacent frequency bands on LTE network performance in the Alai Parak Kopi area, Padang City, by measuring SINR parameters, uplink throughput, and downlink using the drive test method and TEMS application. The results show that CA affects the SINR value, with the highest value at a frequency of 1800 MHz (19.2 dB), followed by a combination of 1800 + 2300 MHz (18.5 dB), and 1800 + 2100 MHz (13.6 dB). CA also affects throughput, with the highest uplink at a combination of 1800 + 2300 MHz, while the highest downlink at 1800 MHz.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khalidya Igna Fillah, Sri Yusnita, Zurnawita, Yulindon Khaidir, Widya Andriani, Lin Fitri Alif Aisyah Aisyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
4G LTE Network Quality Comparison Provider Telkomsel and Tri in Pariaman City
Along with the development of the current era of globalization, human needs for telecommunications are also increasing, especially in the telecommunications sector. A technology called Long Term Evolution (LTE) was introduced, which is a fourth generation (4G) cellular network technology. LTE is capable of providing data transfer speeds of up to 100 Mbps on the downlink side and 50 Mbps on the uplink side. The growth in the number of telecommunications service users in Pariaman City has caused a decline in network quality, especially 4G LTE technology. Benchmarking (Comparison) of the quality of 4G LTE operator services is carried out by measuring, comparing, and analyzing the network quality (performance) of two 4G LTE operators in Pariaman City. The measurement process uses the drive test method with the G-Net Track Pro application to measure RSRP, RSRQ, SINR and Throughput in Pariaman City. The comparison results were obtained in Pariaman City for Telkomsel operators having network quality parameters RSRP with a percentage of 48.71%, RSRQ with a percentage of 61.11%, SINR with a percentage of 84.25% and Throughput with a percentage of 68.48% while Tri operators have RSRP values with a percentage of 59.74%, RSRQ with a percentage of 50.38%, SINR with a percentage of 85.68% and Throughput with a percentage value of 66.63%. In general, it can be concluded that Tri operators are included in the good category in terms of signal quality and integrity while Telkomsel operators are in the good category in terms of Coverage.
Copyright (c) 2025 Irvandito Pondria, Miftahul Hamdi, Afrizal Yuhanef, Dikky Chandra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Evaluating the Quality of 2G and 4G Networks on Telkomsel in Gunung Talang and Danau Kembar Sub-Districts
This study aims to evaluate the quality of 2G and 4G networks on Telkomsel operators in Gunung Talang District and Danau Kembar District, Solok Regency, West Sumatra. This research was conducted using the drive test method using TEMS Pocket and TEMS Discovery devices for network data collection and analysis. The 2G network measurements were conducted based on Rx Level and Rx Quality parameters. In contrast, the 4G network was evaluated based on RSRP (Reference Signal Receive Power) and SINR (Signal Interference to Noise Ratio) parameters. The measurement results on the 2G network show that the average Rx Level is at -85.1 dBm, with very poor signal quality reaching 27.14%, while the network quality based on Rx Quality is classified as excellent with an average value of 0.9 dB, which reaches 82.21%. On the 4G network, the average RSRP was -101.7 dBm with a good signal dominance of 30.68%, but the network quality based on SINR was lower, with an average value of 12.3 dB, where 46.98% of the signal was classified as fair. In addition, several bad spot areas were found to be affected by natural obstacles such as hills, cliffs, and tall trees that block the signal. The recommendation from this research is to optimize the nearest site to improve signal quality in these areas, especially to reduce overshooting problems that occur in certain sectors. This research is expected to be a reference for operators in improving network quality in the areas studied
Copyright (c) 2025 Rifatun Nissa, Dikky Chandra, Siska Aulia, Adinda Aliya Maharani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
4G LTE Network Performance for XL Axiata provider in Lolong Belanti Area
This measurement aims to analyze the quality of the 4G LTE network and its relationship with the quality of service (QoS) parameters on the performance of TCP/IP provider XL Axiata in Lolong Belanti Village. The measurement results show that the network with the quality category "Good" to "Excellent" has a percentage value of RSRP 97.5%, SINR 75.52%, and Throughput is categorized as good (Good) based on KPI. In comparison, the network with the category "Poor" to "Fair" shows a percentage value of RSRP 2.5% and SINR 24.48%. The measurement also found that RSRP and SINR parameters significantly affect QoS, with increasing RSRP and SINR values associated with increasing Download Bandwidth, Upload Bandwidth, and Throughput. The highest quality was achieved in the "Excellent" SINR category, with a Download Bandwidth of 42.60 Mbps, an Upload Bandwidth of 28.30 Mbps, and a Throughput of 2,543 kbps. However, there was a significant decrease in the "Poor" category, especially in Download Bandwidth and Throughput. Factors such as packet loss, jitter, and delay were also analyzed, with the results showing that the highest packet loss occurred in the "Poor" category. In contrast, jitter and delay dominated the "Poor and Fair" categories. These findings indicate the importance of RSRP and SINR parameters in determining the quality of 4G LTE networks and their impact on user experience.
Copyright (c) 2025 Abdi Abdullah, Dikky Chandra, Zurnawita, Dinda Kurnia Illahi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Implementation Of Legged Robot Control With Pixy Camera Module Through Image Processing Technique
This tool is the development and implementation of a robot control system using the Pixy camera module through image processing techniques to support automatic navigation.to support automatic navigation. This system is designed to improve robot's navigation capabilities in a dynamic environment by utilizing image processing as the main method in detecting and recognizing objects and obstacles around it.and obstacles around it. Pixy camera module is used as the main visual sensor integrated with the robot control system. Image processing techniques are applied to identify the optimal object and search for the object continuously, continuously. The test results show that the robot is capable of navigate independently with a high degree of accuracy in various environmental scenarios, environment. This implementation shows significant potential in development of autonomous robots that are more intelligent and adaptive to changes in the surrounding environment.surrounding environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 alfhadila fhadil (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Comparative Analysis of Voice Call Service Quality Between CSFB and VoLTE Technologies
This study examines the performance of voice services using CSFB and VoLTE technologies. The quality of these services is evaluated using Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) from Drive Test results and key Quality of Service (QoS) metrics. Voice service quality is assessed through drive testing with Tems Pocket software. The findings reveal that CSFB technology involves a transition in Radio Access Technology (RAT) from LTE to GSM, whereas VoLTE operates without such transitions. In Indonesia, voice services without data primarily rely on both CSFB and VoLTE. The quality of these services is determined by factors such as RSRP and SINR, which affect the service’s accessibility, retention, and integrity. VoLTE, in particular, outperforms CSFB in terms of better throughput and reduced delay, enhancing overall service integrity.
Copyright (c) 2025 M. Aqsha Aqrizal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Fabrication and Implementation of a Microstrip Antenna for Digital Television Reception at UHF Frequencies
Television broadcasting has evolved from analog to digital technology, utilizing digital modulation and compression to efficiently transmit video, audio, and data signals. Antennas play a crucial role in this technology, with microstrip antennas being particularly notable for their compact size, ease of fabrication, and suitability for integration with other telecommunications equipment. The fabricated antenna measures 200 x 235 mm. By optimizing the Destructure Patch Element and Defected Ground Structure techniques, along with the addition of an Inset Feed, a wider bandwidth can be achieved, allowing for the reception of more digital television channels. At its working frequency, the fabricated antenna achieved a return loss of -36.8 dB, a bandwidth of 218.46 MHz, and a frequency range of 481.83 MHz to 700.29 MHz. The measured Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) was 1.02, with a gain of 2.11 dBi at 538 MHz, 2.12 dBi at 546 MHz, 2.27 dBi at 626 MHz, and 2.3 dBi at 642 MHz. The radiation pattern was omnidirectional. Using a Vector Network Analyzer, the fabricated antenna was measured to have a return loss of -18.37 dB and a VSWR of 1.27. Additionally, digital TV broadcast testing was conducted, successfully receiving a strong and clear signal.
Antena Mikrostrip, TV Digital, CST Studio Suite 2019
Copyright (c) 2025 Putri Anjali, Yustini, Aprinal Adila Asril, Danda Maritsyah Putra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Automatic Monitoring of Soil Conditions For Plants Based On The Internet of Things
Abstract—In the current era of digitalization and technological developments, embedded systems have become an important component in various applications, including in the agricultural sector. The Embedded Systems course provides an understanding of the design, development and implementation of efficient and effective integrated systems. One practical application of this knowledge is in the concept of smart farming.Smart farming utilizes embedded system technology to monitor and control various aspects of agriculture automatically and in real-time. By using sensors, microcontrollers and IoT (Internet of Things) devices connected using the ESP32 module
Copyright (c) 2025 Evan Adicandra Evan, Aisyah Vianda Putri, Alif Bintang Al Ikhlas (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design and Development of an IoT-Based PDAM Water Bill Monitoring System for Private Homes
This project focuses on developing an IoT-based water bill monitoring system for private homes using a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller, a water flow sensor, and cloud integration via ThingSpeak. The system enables real-time monitoring of water usage, allowing users to control and reduce excessive consumption.Testing showed that the water flow sensor operated with high accuracy, despite minor discrepancies. Comparisons between the sensor’s output and actual measured water volumes revealed error rates ranging from 0.75% to 1.80% across different flow rates. The system also accurately calculated water bills using a predefined rate of IDR 7,000 per liter. For example, a water usage of 3 liters resulted in a bill of IDR 21,000, matching the expected amount. The system successfully provided real-time billing through the ThingSpeak platform and a custom mobile app developed with MIT App Inventor. Additionally, the built-in buzzer effectively alerted users when water usage exceeded predefined limits. While the system performed efficiently, occasional network instability affected IoT performance. Future improvements could focus on enhancing sensor accuracy and improving the user interface for better functionality.
IoT, Waterflow sensor, NodeMCU ESP8266, Thingspeak, MIT App Inventor, PDAM water bill monitoring
Copyright (c) 2025 Satria Wicaksono , Iqbal Rizantha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Internet of Things for Monitoring and Controlling Ammonia Gas and Temperature in Chicken Farms
This research aims to develop a tool to monitor and control temperature and ammonia gas levels in chicken farms. Ammonia gas (NH3) is an indicator of pollution that is harmful to the health of chickens, humans, and the environment. Ideal ammonia levels in cages should not exceed 30 ppm, while the safe threshold for chickens and humans is 25 ppm. High temperatures can increase ammonia levels, thus negatively affecting the health and productivity of broilers. The developed tool uses an MQ135 sensor to detect ammonia gas levels and a DHT22 sensor to measure temperature and humidity. The data obtained will be processed by ESP32 as a microprocessor. The measurement results are displayed on the LCD, and the tool is equipped with a WiFi module to connect it to the internet. A DC fan serves as an automatic control system to keep the temperature and ammonia gas levels within safe limits. Through an application built with MIT App Inventor, users can access real-time temperature data and ammonia gas levels. With this system, it is expected that chicken health and farm productivity can increase, and the risk of pollution due to ammonia gas can be minimized. This research is expected to be a reference for the development of monitoring and control technology in the livestock sector, providing effective solutions for farmers to create a healthier environment for chickens.
INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) ON MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM OF AMMONIA GAS AND TEMPERATURE IN CHICKEN FARMS
Copyright (c) 2025 Lifwarda, Azra Mawandri, Erin Aulia Rahma, Rostam Ahmad Efendi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
3.5 Ghz Patch Microstrip Antena Design Using Cst Studio Suite 2019 Software
Design, simulation, fabrication, and analysis of 3.5 GHz Microstrip Patch is a microstrip antenna building that has a small size and is simple. In today's era, microstrip patch antennas play an important role and are very useful because they are compact, easy to integrate, and lightweight. Therefore, quite a lot of people use it. This antenna is designed to operate in the frequency range of 3.4-3.6 GHz. This antenna is usually applied to satellite communications, radar communications, military, and smartphones. Microstrip antenna design is done by using three methods, namely simulation, measurement, and fabrication. The simulation method is software from design using CST STUDIO SUITE 2019 software, the measurement method is using Network Analyzer software, and for fabrication method is the result of antenna design done on PCB. From the simulation results of the 3.5 GHz microstrip antenna design using CST STUDIO SUITE 2019, antenna parameters such as Radiation Pattern, VSWR, and Return Loss were obtained. When fabricating, it is recommended that PCB cuts must be equilateral because this affects the measurement results, and when soldering must be careful and careful so that the results at the time of fabrication are not much different from the results during simulation in CST. If an error occurs during fabrication, the fabricated antenna fails due to lack of accuracy and caution in fabrication.
Copyright (c) 2025 Aliyah Arniz Nagia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design of Monitoring and Control System For Air Temperature And Humidity In Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Room Based on IOT
Oyster mushroom cultivation is very popular among rural and urban communities, both on a small, medium and industrial scale. Oyster mushroom cultivation requires controlling the temperature and humidity in the mushroom barn to get optimal mushroom body growth. In general, the optimal temperature for oyster mushroom growth in the fruiting phase is 26-30°C with a humidity of 70-95%RH. This system describes the workings of the device used to monitor temperature and humidity using a DHT22 sensor through a microcontroller, which is displayed on the Blynk application and a 20x4 LCD. Measurements in lowland areas show a temperature of 29°C and humidity of 95%. The percentage error of the temperature measurement with the DHT22 sensor is 6.37%, with an average error of 1.60%. As for humidity, the measurement error is 0.71% with an average error of 0.82%. With this system, mushroom farmers can monitor the environmental conditions of the cultivation room in real-time through an IoT platform connected to the sensor.
Copyright (c) 2025 Raffa Aulia Mutaqi, Milda Yuliza, Yul Antonisfia, Nisa Rahima Sakinah Nisa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
IoT-based Fishpond Monitoring to Improve Water Quality
To address the issues of suboptimal water levels and the risk of pond water overflowing due to rainfall, a fish pond control and monitoring system utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technology has been developed. The system monitors three primary parameters—water level, temperature, and rainfall—which are all controlled and observed through an internet-connected platform. This real-time monitoring, facilitated via a website, enables fish farmers to accurately and efficiently monitor the condition of their ponds. The system is built using a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller, which is equipped with sensors to automatically collect data on the water level, temperature, and rainfall. This data is continuously updated and can be accessed online anytime, anywhere. As a result, fish farmers can quickly react to changes in pond conditions, such as adjusting water levels to prevent overflow, or maintaining optimal water temperature for fish health. The real-time feedback provided by the system also allows users to take timely actions to prevent issues that could negatively impact the fish’s health or overall pond productivity. This IoT-based fish pond monitoring and control system makes pond management more efficient and minimizes the risks posed by environmental factors such as sudden weather changes. Additionally, it helps optimize the overall productivity of fish farms by offering a reliable, automated solution that reduces the need for constant manual supervision. This leads to better management of fish ponds and enhances productivity
Copyright (c) 2025 Yuliana Putri, Meidina Agnesia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Multiple Input Multiple Output Slot Antenna Design With -22 Db Isolation Without Decoupling Structure For Application On Ultra Wide Band
Technology that is always evolving requires us to always make the latest innovations, one of which is in the field of telecommunications. Currently, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology is widely used in ultra wideband (UWB) systems to overcome the effects of multipath fading. Multiple antennas are used to increase channel capacity. Two-element MIMO UWB systems have several techniques for obtaining good isolation between antenna elements. In this final project, the design and analysis of the change of a single UWB slot antenna into a 2-element MIMO UWB antenna is carried out by placing the antenna elements asymmetrically to get high antenna isolation. The proposed UWB MIMO antenna has a very compact size of 42×25 mm2. The fed slot microstrip antenna acts as a single UWB antenna element. Antenna design using CST Study Suite software. In the simulation results, a single UWB slot antenna that is modified into a UWB MIMO antenna has a return loss of -28 dB, a bandwidth of 7.2514 GHz, isolation below -20 dB, a VSWR of VSWR 2 in the frequency range of 3.7002 GHz to 9.6546 GHz, the gain reaches 3.2 dBi, and radiation pattern which is quasi omnidirectional.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nadilla Marselina, Uzma Septima, Amelia Yolanda, Yustini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Propagation Pathloss Calculation and Pathloss Simulation in Lubuk Minturun Urban Village, Koto Tangah Sub-District, Padang
Good signal quality is characterized by the small amount of propagation path loss or path loss that occurs. These propagation path losses can be caused by the distance between the site and the receiver (mobile station), transmitter frequency, natural conditions, and weather conditions. The farther between the site and the receiver (mobile station), the greater the propagation path loss. The use of propagation models in planning a site development in an area can predict or consider the value of propagation path losses, such as the Okumura-Hatta and COST-231 propagation models. Measurement of signal quality received by the receiver (mobile station) in the making of this final project using the drive test method. Determination of site coordinates in the measurement makes it easier to calculate the distance between the site and the mobile station. The calculation of the Okumura-Hatta propagation model and the COST-231 propagation model will produce a better-received power level value compared to the received power level value in the measurement. This is because the calculation only considers the distance between the site and the receiver (mobile station) without any obstacles or barriers, while the value generated during measurement will be influenced by distance, obstacles or barriers, earth contours, and weather conditions. One of them is Lubuk Minturun Village where the measurement of propagation path loss (Pathloss) is carried out due to the poor quality of the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) network.
Copyright (c) 2024 Syaza Ibra Harlin, Nadita Wijayani Putri, Nasrul, Siska Aulia, Azhar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Simple Regression Model Analysis of the Effect of Temperature on Rainfall in Padang City Using Scikit-Learn
Temperature is one of the factors that influences the intensity of rainfall in an area. The higher the temperature in an area, the higher the evaporation so the greater the chance of rain, especially if this occurs at sea. The location of Padang City close to the sea influences the intensity of rainfall that occurs. Research was conducted to model the effect of temperature on rainfall that occurs in Padang City using simple linear regression using the Python programming language. The methodology used to model the relationship between these two variables is the Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining. The simple regression model equation obtained is y = -26.73 x + 1119.98. The evaluation carried out on the model resulted in a relationship that was not close and had a negative correlation. The error rate of the simple linear regression model used in this study is quite large with a mean model error value of 40%, an MAE value of 124.2311, MSE 23489.97 and RMSE 153.2644. A good model has MAE, MSE and RMSE close to zero. Further research is needed to find out a suitable model to describe the relationship between temperature and rainfall that occurs in Padang City.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nelvidawati Nelvidawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Quality Of Service (QOS) Analysis on LTE Networks Time Division Duplex and Frequency Division Duplex Technology
Quality of service is a method of measuring a network and attempts to define a characteristic used to provide good service. The increasing use of mobile technology has a rapid impact on the development of technology and information. These developments relate to the use of customized information and communication services in a direct, practical and effective manner. In response to these issues, researchers are interested in conducting research by looking at the parameters of Time Division Duplex (TDD) technology at a frequency of 2300 MHz and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) at a frequency of 900 MHz on the download service. The results of quality of service measurements on LTE networks are carried out in real time in the field by comparing each QoS parameter against a predetermined path from the eNodeB point based on RSRP and SINR with different conditions. In both TDD and FDD technology. The effect of RSRP on Quality of Service parameters in each cell measured. One of them is PCI 328, when the RSRP condition is measured - 80 dBm, the throughput value is 9466.29 Kbps, latency 0.84 ms, jitter 0.028 ms and packet loss 0%. Conversely, when the RSRP condition is measured - 100 dBm, the throughput is 4084.16 Kbps, latency 1.68 ms, jitter 0.059 ms and packet loss 0.50%. Then the effect of SINR on Quality of Service parameters in 2 different modulations is seen in each cell measured. One of them is PCI 328, when the SINR condition is measured at 20 dBm, the throughput value is 9074.99 Kbps, latency 0.86 ms, jitter 0.034 ms and packet loss 0%. Conversely, when the SINR condition measured 12 dB then the throughput is 4239.58 Kbps, latency 0.88 ms, jitter 0.027 ms and packet loss 0.03%. Based on the results obtained the throughput value of LTE TDD has a better value on the download service and has a better throughput value.
Copyright (c) 2024 Rizki Aulia, Dikky Chandra, Yulian Mirza, Nasrul, Miro Dhino (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Design and Construction of A Grid Antenna to Enhance Global System for Mobile Communications 900 Mhz Signal Reception
Human life is inseparable from the interaction between humans as social beings and technology as the medium used by humans. The capabilities of technology have addressed various human challenges for interacting with each other, where limitations of distance, time, and space are no longer barriers to human desire for communication. The Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) is a cellular communication technology applied to mobile communication, especially mobile phones, thus providing conveniences as a medium for information delivery. However, in remote or rural areas far from the Base Transceiver Station (BTS), the signal coverage is poor. This will disrupt communication such as short message service (SMS), telephone calls, internet access, and other forms of communication. An antenna is a device used to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves. Reception using an antenna will amplify the signal acquisition according to the antenna's capabilities. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) service providers, with their limited network coverage, create a significant need for signal acquisition enhancement. The Grid antenna is one of the options for signal acquisition enhancement. The Grid antenna has two main components: the driven element, which is a dipole, and a reflector that serves to reflect the signal transmission. This Final Project is designed, realized, and measured on a grid antenna at GSM 900 MHz. This antenna is intended to serve as a supporting medium to enhance GSM signal reception in order to maximize signal acquisition and connection.
Copyright (c) 2024 Ayu Widiyastuti, Ramiati, Agus Purwadi, Rini Febriani Rini Febriani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Link Budget Site Planning in Kuranji Region Andalas University - Mount Sarik
Link budget is a way to calculate all parameters in signal transmission, ranging from gain and loss from the transmitter to the receiver via transmission media. This design is motivated by planning at PT. Alita Praya Mitra for site development in Kuranji region – University Andalas (UNAND) – Gunung Sarik with the reason to provide improved operator services, especially XL operator. In this final project to design using Pathloss 4.0 software as a tool that can facilitate a planner in calculating link budget. In this design the parameters used are propagation distance between sites, Effective Isotropic Received Power (EIRP), Free Space Loss (FSL), Isotropic Received Level (IRL), Received Signal Level (RSL) and Fade Margin (FM). On the calculation of the microwave transmission line of the kuranji area - University Andalas with a propagation distance of 1.17 km, University Andalas - Gunung Sarik with a propagation distance of 1.01 km, Gunung Sarik – Kuranji with a propagation distance of 1.19 km.
Copyright (c) 2024 marisa cania, Dikky Chandra, Yustini (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Analysis of Signal Quality Performance on Telkomsel Providers in Simpang Alahan Mati District, Pasaman Regency
The emergence of complaints about the quality of the Telkomsel operator signal such as the received signal is not stable, data access is difficult to connect, and connection failures, so in this study to determine the cause of poor signal quality. Analysis of signal quality was carried out in Simpang Alahan Mati, Pasaman. Analysis was carried out by means of a drive test at the LSK120, LSK174, and LSK030 sites using TEMS Pocket on 3G and 4G networks, by analyzing parameter RSRP, SINR for 4G networks as well as the parameters RSCP and Ec/No to the 3G network. Then the propagation calculation is carried out to compare the value of the received power level measured with the coverage site obtained from the propagation calculation. The signal quality of Telkomsel operators in Simpang Alahan Mati From the measurement results for the 4G network with the average parameter value of RSRP - 102 dBm, and SINR 8 dB. The measurement results on the 3G network with an average value of RSCP parameters -98 dBm and Ec/No -11 dB. From the measurement results based on KPI, it can be seen that the signal quality on the 3G and 4G networks is included in the bad category caused by obstacles in the form of hills and trees from the comparison results of the RSRP and RSCP values measured by the range. site with propagation calculations.
Copyright (c) 2024 Syaza Ibra Harlin, Dikky Chandra, Firdaus Nursal (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0